Contents
How to choose optional
Credibility: I am no topper. For that matter I have not even written mains atleast once. So this guide is based on my understanding of the CSE throughout these two years of CSE journey. Read and follow at your own risk.Some must read posts on Geo Optional.
https://thesupermanreturns.wordpress.com/2014/07/05/geog-optional/http://mrunal.org/2012/05/strategy-geography-mains-booklist-study.html#7
http://mrunal.org/2015/07/upsc-topper-kranti-singh-rank-417-geography.html#1021
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According to my opinion there are only few credible sources for UPSC prep and Mrunal.org is one such indispensable source. Lot of major websites are run with purely profit motive so you cannot really trust them.
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My interests are Physical Geography, International Relations, General Science and Environment. I am not an expert but I can say I have some serious understanding of these subjects.
- Senior Advice: If you once choose a subject as your optional, you will have to live with it for many months. So choose it wisely.
What to consider before choosing an optional?
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Very Very Important: Your interest in the subject (You should do what you love or you should love what you do).
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Complexity of the subject, availability of resources, time required: Geography is complex because of its technical nature. It requires some imagination. It takes 3 – 6 months to finish Geo Optional syllabus. Most of the toppers have said that it took them nothing less than 4-5 months to complete Geo Optional Syllabus.
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Resources: Books are easily available and might cost you somewhere around Rs 3000-4000.
- Guidance: This is the biggest problem with technical optionals. You need guidance to save precious time. You should get help from Seniors with Geo Optional (so not me) and you should make groups among your self and help out each other (Use http://discuss.forumias.com for this).
So what not to consider while choosing optional.
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Other persons free biased advices: I have PSIR as my optional. It is very easy. You also take PSIR as optional. We will study together.
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Coaching walas free propaganda: This sir that sir etc.. If you have concrete review about a teacher, then you can consider him/her. Don’t fall to internet comments because they are either paid or self written.
- Why didn’t this guy (pmfias.com) choose PSIR over Geography. May be geo is a tough one. (Everybody has their own comfort zone. So don’t make a decision based on other person’s decision)
Booklist Geography Optional
Refer www.pmfias.com and https://www.youtube.com/c/PoorMansFriend For basics only.My notes and Videos are meant for General Studies only. But they can be helpful for Optional as well. They will help you understand basics and if your basics are strong, understanding the core concepts will be a cake walk.
My Climatology Videos are extremely important. Climatology is technical and is confusing so watch my videos on climatology which I have done in good detail.
You can finish Geo Optional with selective study of these books. (All coaching notes are simplified versions of these books only)
One big advise: Don’t read cover to cover. Relate with Syllabus. Read only important topics. Thoroughly analyse Geo Optional Question Paper before kickstarting your preparation.
- PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY by Savindra singh [Amazon][Flipkart]
- Certificate Physical and Human geography by goh cheng leong [Amazon][Flipkart]
- Human Geography by Majid Hussain [Amazon][Flipkart]
- Evolution Of Geographical Thought by Majid Hussain [Amazon][Flipkart]
- Economic and Social Geography Made Simple – Rupa Publication [Amazon][Flipkart]
- Models In Geography Majid Husain [Amazon][Flipkart]
- India A Comprehensive Geography by Kullar [Amazon][Flipkart]
Geography Optional Syllabus
Part I: Principles of Geography
Physical Geography
Geomorphology
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Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces;
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Origin and evolution of the earth's crust;
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Fundamentals of geomagnetism;
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Physical conditions of the earth's interior;
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Geosynclines;
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Continental drift;
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Isostasy;
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Plate tectonics;
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Recent views on mountain building (Sub topic under plate tectonics);
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Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis;
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Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development (In simple terms – erosional and depositional land forms);
- Applied Geomorphology : Geohydrology, economic geology and environment.
Climatology
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Temperature and pressure belts of the world;
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Heat budget of the earth;
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Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability.
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Planetary and local winds;
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Monsoons and jet streams;
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Air masses and fronto genesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones;
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Types and distribution of precipitation;
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Weather and Climate; Koppen's, Thornthwaite's and Trewartha's classification of world climates;
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Hydrological cycle;
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Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes;
- Applied climatology and Urban climate.
Oceanography
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Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans;
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Temperature and salinity of the oceans;
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Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits;
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Waves, currents and tides;
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Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources;
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Coral reefs, coral bleaching;
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sea-level changes;
- law of the sea and marine pollution.
Biogeography
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Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation;
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Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals;
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Problems of deforestation and conservation measures;
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Social forestry; agroforestry;
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Wild life;
- Major gene pool centres.
Environmental Geography
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Principle of ecology;
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Human ecological adaptations;
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Influence of man on ecology and environment;
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Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances;
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Ecosystem their management and conservation;
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Environmental degradation, management and conservation;
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Biodiversity and sustainable development;
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Environmental policy;
- Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation.
Human Geography
Perspectives in Human Geography
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Areal differentiation;
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regional synthesis;
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Dichotomy and dualism;
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Environmentalism;
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Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches;
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Languages, religions and secularisation;
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Cultural regions of the world;
- Human development index.
Economic Geography
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World economic development: measurement and problems;
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World resources and their distribution;
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Energy crisis; the limits to growth;
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World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutrition problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies;
- World industries: locational patterns and problems; patterns of world trade.
Population and Settlement Geography
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Growth and distribution of world population; demographic attributes;
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Causes and consequences of migration; concepts of over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life; Population as social capital.
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Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements;
- Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural - urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.
Regional Planning
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Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation;
- Growth centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; regional development strategies; environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.
Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography
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Systems analysis in Human geography;
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Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models;
- Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch;Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen's model of agricultural location; Weber's model of industrial location; Ostov's model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers.
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