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Millennium Development Goals
GS 2: Social services/sectors: Health, Education etc
- Eight international development goals set by the United Nations which member countries, including India, have agreed to achieve by the year 2015.
India’s Achievements Under Millennium
Development Goals
As on July 2015.
MGD 5
- MDG 5 target is to reduce maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. This translates to reducing the MMR from 560 in 1990 to 140 in 2015.
- Maternal mortality is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy
- India is likely to reach an MMR of 140 if the current compound rate of annual decline continues.
MGD 4
- MDG 4 target is for reduction of child mortality by two-third between 1990 and 2015. In terms of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) (birth to one year), this translates into IMR of 29/1000 live births to be achieved by 2015.
- At present IMR in India is 40/1000 live births.
The key steps taken to accelerate the pace
of reduction for Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
and Total Fertility Rate(TFR) under the
National Health Mission (NHM) for achieving MDG goals are:
- Promotion of institutional deliveries through Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY).
- Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) entitles all pregnant women delivering in public health institutions to absolutely free and no expense delivery.
- Similar entitlements have been put in place for all sick infants accessing public health institutions for treatment.
- Operationalization of Sub-Centers, Primary Health Centers, Community Health Centers and District Hospitals for providing 24x7 basic and comprehensive obstetric care, neonatal, infant and child care services.
- Mother and Child Protection Card in collaboration with the Ministry of Women and Child Development to monitor service delivery for mothers and children.
- Mother and Child Tracking System is being implemented to ensure antenatal, intranatal and postnatal care along-with immunization services.
- Under National Iron plus Initiative (NIPI), through life cycle approach, age and dose specific IFA supplementation programme is being implemented.
- Universal Immunization Programme (UIP): Vaccination protects children against seven vaccine preventable diseases.
- Mission Indradhanush has been launched in 201 high focus districts to fully immunise children.
- Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) for health screening and early intervention services has been launched to provide comprehensive care to all the children in the age group of 0-18 years in the community.
Sustainable Development Goals
Universal Immunisation Programme (U.I.P.)
- The national policy of Immunisation of all children during the first year of life with DPT, OPV and BCG to complete the series of primary vaccination before reaching the age of one year was adopted in 1978.
- Universal Immunisation programme UIP was launched in 1985 in a phased manner.
The vaccines administered are
- BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)
- DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus Toxoid)
- OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
- Hepatitis B vaccine
- Measles vaccine
- TT (Tetanus Toxoid)
Mission Indradhanush
- Launched in December, 2014 with an aim to cover all those children who are partially vaccinated or unvaccinated.
- It aims to immunize all children against seven vaccine preventable diseases namely diphtheria, whooping cough (Pertussis), tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, measles and hepatitis B by 2020.
India Newborn Action Plan (INAP)
- Launched in September 2014 with the aim of ending preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths by 2030.
GSLV-D6 Aug, 2015
GS 3: Indegenization of technology
- GSLV-D6 Launch vehicle fares with the home-built cryogenic third stage.
- Its puts 2 tonne GSAT-6 in Geostationary orbit.
- GSLV will save 2/3rd the cost spent on foreign agencies to launch a 2 tonne class satellite.
- The GSLV-D6 is the second successful consecutive launch of the GSLV series with an indigenous cryogenic upper stage.
- ISRO is planning to test GSLV Mk III capable of carrying payload up to 4 tonne by the end of 2016.
- GSAT-6 is a predominantly S-band communication satellite used purely for ‘strategic’ purposes by the Armed Forces and for societal uses during a disaster or an emergency.
ISRO-NASA mission to use GSLV-D6 rocket
- NASA ISRO SAR Mission (NISAR) is expected to be launched on board GSLV-D6 in 2020-21.
- NISAR would be optimised for studying hazards and global environment change.
‘PM expresses concern over predatory pricing by airlines’
GS 3: Economy basics
Predatory Pricing
- The act of setting prices low in an attempt to eliminate the competition.
- Predatory pricing is illegal, as it makes markets more vulnerable to a monopoly.
- Companies may engage in a variety of activities that intend to drive out competitors, such as create barriers to entry for new competitors or unethical production methods to minimize costs.
- Competition Commission of India looks into such issues.
Corporate Bonds
GS 3: Economy basics
- Corporate bonds are debt securities issued by private and public corporations.
- Companies issue corporate bonds to raise money for a variety of purposes, such as building a new plant, purchasing equipment, or growing the business.
- When one buys a corporate bond, one lends money to the "issuer," the company that issued the bond.
- In exchange, the company promises to return the money, also known as "principal," on a specified maturity date.
- Until that date, the company usually pays you a stated rate of interest, generally semiannually.
Visit mrunal.org to learn economy basics
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